The-Elements-of-Style-阅读笔记
The Elements of Style
I. Rules of Usage
- Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause.
Two-part sentences of which the second member is introduced by as (in the sense of “because”), for, or, nor, or while (in the sense of “and at the same time”) likewise require a comma before the conjunction.
- Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list of particulars, an appositive, an amplification, or an illustrative quotation.
A, B, C, and D
II. Principles of Composition
- Make the paragraph the unit of composition.
- Use the active voice.
when a sentence is made stronger, it usually becomes
shorter
- Put statements in positive form.
Consciously or unconsciously, the reader is dissatisfied with being told only what is not; the reader wishes to be told what is.
Use definite, specific, concrete language.
( PS: NEVER use this/that/they/it )
Omit needless words.
no unnecessary expressions
The fact that is an especially debilitating expression. It should be revised out of every sentence in which it occurs.
Who is, which was, and the like are often superfluous.
- Keep related words together.
- Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end.
The proper place in the sentence for the word or group of words that the writer desires to make most prominent is usually the end.
III. A Few Matters of Form
IV. Words and Expressions Commonly Misused
V. An Approach to Style
- Write with nouns and verbs.
- Avoid the use of qualifiers.
Rather, very, little, pretty
- Do not construct awkward adverbs.
写(改)论文时总结一下就是：
- 一段只表达一个意思，有总起句。
- 用肯定而不是否定。
- 主语不要含糊其词，少用this / that / these / those / they。
- 能并列就别用定语从句，能用单个词说清就不用一串句子(查google)。
- 先抑后扬而不是先扬后抑。
- 用名词和动词，而不是像高中作文那样纠结形容词副词和数量词
- then不能连接两个句子
- like不正式，别用
最开始写的时候就多参考phase bank和谷歌学术, 开着Grammarly方便检查
转载请注明来源，欢迎对文章中的引用来源进行考证，欢迎指出任何有错误或不够清晰的表达。可以在下面评论区评论，也可以邮件至 carlos@sjtu.edu.cn
